The effectiveness of traditional games in improving emotional intelligence in children aged 3–6 years: a literature review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15561/physcult.2025.0202Keywords:
Traditional games, Emotional intelligence, early childhoodAbstract
Background and Study Aim. Early childhood is a critical period for the development of emotional intelligence, which influences a child’s future ability to build relationships and adapt socially. Rapid technological changes and reduced opportunities for direct social interaction have affected how children experience emotional growth. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of traditional games in improving emotional intelligence in children aged 3 to 6 years through a literature review approach.
Materials and Methods. A systematic literature review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Articles were collected from multiple academic databases, including Google Scholar, Scopus, ResearchGate, SINTA, and Garuda. The search used keywords in Indonesian and English, such as “traditional games”, “emotional intelligence”, and “early childhood”. The inclusion criteria were: (1) studies published between 2014 and 2024, (2) full-text peer-reviewed articles, (3) participants aged 3 to 6 years, and (4) clear focus on emotional intelligence and traditional play. Eight eligible studies were analyzed qualitatively. The analysis focused on emotional indicators such as empathy, self-control, and cooperation.
Results. The reviewed studies demonstrated that traditional games contribute to both general emotional development and measurable improvements in emotional intelligence. Specifically, 6 out of 8 studies reported enhancements in empathy, self-regulation, and cooperative behavior. For instance, one intervention study reported a 76% improvement in emotional intelligence scores. Traditional games such as congklak, Balogo, and Cublak-cublak Suweng served not only as entertainment but also as structured learning tools that foster interpersonal engagement and emotional growth.
Conclusions. The reviewed studies confirm that traditional games can effectively support emotional intelligence in early childhood. These games should be considered for integration into early childhood education programs. Their use may enhance emotional awareness, strengthen peer relationships, and support collaborative behavior among children.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Gilang Gemilang Muti, Syahrizal Islam, Ilham Ardi Febriansyah, Cahulul Rizaldy Hasan, Ardan Raditya Dwi Atmaja
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